YOJANA / KURUKSHETRA Magzine October Month 2016 Summary For UPSC/IAS PART 2

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Waste management in rural areas: Completing Swachh Cycle

Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation has asked all the states and UTs to develop a cleanliness index and solid and liquid waste management index to rank villages, gram panchayats, blocks, districts and states. It is to raise awareness and instil a sense of competitiveness.

In rural areas, despite the waste generated being pre-dominantly organic, incorrect disposal can lead to serious problems including growth of water borne diseases such as diarrhoea, malaria, dengue, cholera and typhoid.

Estimates indicate that people in rural India are generating 0.3 to 0.4 million metric tons of organic/recyclable solid waste per day and 88% of the total disease burden is due to lack of clean water, sanitation and improper solid waste management. 

Solid waste management:

 States are to decide the technologies suitable to their areas.
 Collection, segregation and safe disposal of household garbage: decentralised systems like household composting and biogas plants are permitted.
 Activities related to maximum reuse of organic solid wastes as manure should be adopted.
 Such technologies may include vermi-composting, NADEP composting or any other composting method, individual and community biogas plants.

Liquid waste management

 Methods adopted for management of liquid wastes may focus on maximum reuse of such waste for agriculture purposes with least operation and maintenance costs.
 For collection of waste water, low cost drainage/small bore system, soakage pit may be adopted.

Treatment of wastewater

 Waste water stabilisation pond
 Duckweed based wastewater treatment
 Phytoroid technology (by NEERI)

Anaerobic decentralised wastewater treatment

 DEWATS stands for “Decentralized Wastewater Treatment Systems”. DEWATS represents a technical approach rather than merely a technology package.

 DEWATS applications are based on four basic technical treatment modules which are combined according to
1. Primary treatment: sedimentation and floatation
2. Secondary anaerobic treatment in fixed-bed reactors: baffled upstream reactors or anaerobic filters
3. Tertiary aerobic treatment in sub-surface flow filters
4. Tertiary aerobic treatment in polishing ponds

Main DEWATS-modules for physical and biological wastewater treatment:

1. Settler
2. Anaerobic Baffled Reactor
3. Anaerobic Filter
4. Planted Gravel Filter

India Handloom Brand:

“India Handloom Brand” is an endorsement to quality of the handloom products in terms of raw material, processing, embellishments, weaving design and other parameters besides social and environmental compliances for earning the trust of the consumers.

Prime Minister Shri Narendra Modi launched the India Handloom Brand as part of the First ever National Handloom Day celebrations. 

Objectives –

 To earn the trust of consumers by endorsing the quality of handloom products in terms of raw materials, processing, embellishments, weaving design and other quality parameters.
 To ensure social and environmental compliances in production of handlooms.
 To create a niche market space for high quality handloom products which cater especially to the demand for diverse products among the younger generation and export markets with high growth potential.
 To increase the earnings of the weavers.

Benefits –

The India Handloom brand initiative is intended to bring the following benefits to various stakeholders of the handloom sector:
 Handloom products with the premium India Handloom brand would be differentiated from other products in terms of quality.
 Through the brand, the customer will be assured that the product quality is high because of proper texture, use of good quality yarns and dyeing with safe dyes which are free from banned amines.
 Bulk buyers and exporters will be able to source quality branded fabrics as per their designs.
 Weavers will be able to get bulk orders and higher wages by interacting directly with the market.
 Weaver entrepreneurs and other manufacturers will take up production and marketing of quality handloom fabrics in bulk within and outside the country.

Online Portal for Handloom Stall Allotment:

 A portal for handloom stalls allotment to serve as a weaver-friendly platform and streamlining the process.
 Through the portal, Technology shall be leveraged to bring in more transparency in the allotment process and also ease of process for handloom weavers
 Weavers/Organizations will be able to apply on the portal as and when online applications are called via advertisements in leading newspapers.
 Weavers/Organizations will register themselves for applying for allotment for the first time. Thereafter, their database will keep updating.
 The system will allot applicants a login and password for submitting application. After getting registered, they can apply online. Online applications will automatically get forwarded to the Weavers Service Centre (WSC) under whose jurisdiction the applicants fall.
 WSCs will have to scrutinise the applications of eligible applicants online within the stipulated time and also state the reasons for not recommending a particular application.
 The recommended applications will be compiled centrally by the system and made ready for a computerised draw. State-wise and slot-wise computerised list of selected candidates including waitlist will then be prepared.
 Ministry of Textiles will actively promote the brand through media campaigns to raise awareness among manufacturers as well as consumers and create demand for products with the India Handloom brand.


THAT's ALL for Today Friends !!

Thank You And Have a Nice Day !!