YOJANA /KURUKSHETRA GIST FOR UPSC AUGUST PART 2

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Empowering Rural Youth: Challenges and Opportunities
Understanding the youth:- The National Youth Policy (NYP 2014) covers youth as those in the age group of 15-29 years.
 However, youth is more fluid category than a fixed age-group.
 Youth is often indicated as a person between the age at which he/she finds his/her first employment.

NYP covers 11 priority areas for youth
Aim of NYP 2014: to empower youth to utilise their full potential
1. Education, employment and skill development
2. Entrepreneurship
3. Health and healthy lifestyle
4. Sports
5. Promotion of social values etc..
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Read rest and mention them in the comment section.

Challenge of the youth:
 The challenge is to make youth a human resource which is not possible without education and skill development.
 There exists unequal opportunity and lack of emphasis on education.
 Also, regional disparities are widening with southern and western states having 63% of formally trained people. Thus, they will first experience the growth dividend.
 Youth from bottom 20% (poorest) of the households are deprived of education, employment, labour force and are not working currently compared to youth from middle and rich households.
 Female youth are more disadvantaged compared to male youth and it is same with rural-urban distribution of youth.


Problems which make rural youth unemployable are:
Excessive increase in population
Limited land and great pressure on land
Seasonal nature of agriculture
Lack of education and ignorance about scientific and modern means of agriculture
Lack of knowledge for rural youth on job oriented courses
Job creation for a calendar year is not sufficient to cater the spurring youth


Importance of Skill development:
 By 2020, India is set to become world’s youngest country with 64% of its population in the working age group. (Report: ‘State of the Urban Youth, India 2012: Employment, Livelihoods and Skills’)
 With West, Japan and China aging, this demographic potential offers India and its growing economy and unprecedented edge.


National Skill Development Mission
 It has been developed to create convergence across sectors and states in terms of skill training activities.
 It will consolidate and coordinate skilling efforts and expedite decision-making across sectors to achieve skilling at scale with speed and standards.
 7 sub-missions have been proposed to act as building blocks Institutional training
 Infrastructure
 Convergence
 Trainers
 Overseas employment etc..

USTTAD
 Upgrading Skills and Training in Traditional Arts/Crafts for Development.
 Aim: Upgrading skills and training of minority communities by preserving traditional ancestral arts and crafts.
 Envisages boosting the skills of craftsmen, weavers and artisans who are already engaged in work.

Solution to the challenges for rural youth:
PM Mudra Yojana (PMMY)
To provide credit, government has started PMMY to provide access to institutional finance to small and micro units.
 Shishu loan: upto Rs. 50,000
 Kishor loan: Rs. 50,000-5,00,000
 Tarun loan: Rs. 5,00,000-10,00,000

Stand Up India
 To promote entrepreneurship among SCs, STs and women.
 Promotion of projects per bank branch per category.
 Under the scheme, 1.25 lakh bank branches will provide loans to SC, ST and women entrepreneurs.

Digital India
 India’s top industrialists have pledged to invest as sum of Rs. 4.5 Lakh crore with an aim to upgrade the overall digital infrastructure of the country.
 Activities like banking, providing subsidies, selling crops and other agro-products would become easy and efficient to the rural people.

NATIONAL APPRENTICESHIP PROMOTION SCHEME:

Funds: Rs. 10000 crore outlay.
Target of 50 lakh apprentices trained by 2019-20
Under: Ministry of Skill development and Entrepreneurship
Expenditure: 50% by GoI.


Migration and Employment Opportunities:
Agriculture is gradually losing the attraction of a potential occupation among the rural youth due to lower profitability.

Need for empowerment of rural youth:

Nearly 74% have monthly income less than Rs. 5000
Women constitute 48.5% of the population. However, in workers participation rate, it is only 25.5%

Migration from rural areas:Approximately 2 million people are shifting from rural to urban areas annually.
Approximately 22 million have migrated from rural to urban areas since 2001.

Problems after migration:

 Among various problems which youth face upon migration are lack of housing, language barriers and skill deficiency in the initial days which seriously affect the morale.
 Combination of all these factors land the youth in underpaid jobs which severely hamper their growth.

Solution:
 There is a need to establish youth hostel at least in main cities to cater to youth for initial 6-12 months.
 The employment department established in each district is required to change to the career guidance department, whether education or job.
 The government support system can be constructed by creating job opportunities for the rural youth either in the rural areas or in rural peripheries so that youth can take advantage of such opportunities in lean period.

Value addition in agriculture and job opportunities: There is a need to strengthen production technologies in different crops to make agriculture more entrepreneurial and profitable.
 Agriculture based industries are important to create value addition in agricultural produce and it also creates enormous job opportunities for rural youth.
 The food and agro processing industry employed over 16% of total workforce in the organised manufacturing sector whereas 32% of the total workforce is in unorganised sector.
 Food processing is employment intensive and creates 1800 jobs directly across the supply chain for every Rs. 100 crores invested in this sector.

Need to promote agro-tourism in rural areas:-
 Tourism has registered phenomenal growth worldwide—contributes 11% of the world work force and 10.2% of global GDP.
 A new job is added every 2.5 second to this sector.
 Agro-tourism activities can help in generating more jobs in rural areas which will help in reducing the large scale migration from rural areas.

Need for non-farm employment opportunities:-
 Productivity and profitability in non-farm sector is generally higher than farm sector.
 Institutions such as Khadi and Village industries, Small Farmers’ Agri business consortium and other bodies should get involved.
 Industries like software, textiles, leather, electronics, pharma, can easily create infrastructure.
THANK YOU AND HAVE A NICE DAY FRIENDS !!