KIGALI AGREEMENT : ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW SUMMARY / GIST

VIDEO LINK FOR KIGALI AGREEMENT ALL YOU NEED TO KNOW PRESENTED TO YOU BY THE EXAMS MADE SIMPLE

 
WHAT IS KIGALI : Kigali is a place , Actually it is the Capital of Rwanda.
Rwanda is in African Continent.
Rwanda is located in Central/Eastern Africa  and is bordered by the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west, Uganda to the north, Tanzania to the east, and Burundi to the south.


Before Jumping into the Kigali Agreement we need to understand the Montreal Protocol :

Remember 1985 1987 1989 2016!!

In 1985 the Vienna Convention established mechanisms for international co-operation in research into the ozone layer and the effects of ozone-depleting chemicals (ODCs). 1985 also marked the first discovery of the Antarctic ozone hole.

Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer was finally agreed upon on 16 September 1987 at the Headquarters of the International Civil Aviation Organization in Montreal.
There it was decided that it will come into force from 1st Jan 1989 if Conditions are fulfilled.

WHAT IT SAYS :- It stipulates that the production and consumption of those compounds that deplete ozone in the stratosphere for ex.:-chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), halons, carbon tetrachloride, and methyl chloroform--are to be phased out by 2000 (2005 for methyl chloroform).

Good News is that today that Ozone Hole is slowly Recovering.

KIGALI AGREEMENT IS AN AMENDMENT To WHICH PROTOCOL ?? :- Answer is Montreal Protocol.

So What Happened after Montreal that we needed this amendment ??

CFCs were used in Refrigerators and Air Conditioners , so after Montreal Protocol the phasing out process of CFCs started but soon CFCs were Replaced by HFCs(HydroFluro Carbons).

So What is the Problem with HFCs ?? Does it also Harm Ozone???
No HFCs though do not harm Ozone Layer but are a very potent Green House Gas.
HFCs like HFC 23 (its 1 KG produces 14800 Times More heat than Co2 Equivalent).

KIGALI AGREEMENT is a pledge TO PHASE OUT HFCs like HFC -23 used in Refrigerant and air conditioning.
It is a Legally Binding Agreement.

It is Based on CBDR & RC. Which other Agreement was recently passed with this Principle?? :- Tell me in the comment Section Below.

What is India's Goal in Kigali Agreement ??

India will freeze its HFC use by 2028 and by 2047 it will reduce the use to 15% of 2025 level.
Other Countries have different deadlines , some will start from 2019 only for example U.S.

In Paris Agreement it was decided by the Countries to curb greenhouse gas emissions with the goal of preventing global temperatures from rising no more than 2°C above pre-industrial levels.

How Kigali Agreement Could Help in the Paris Agreement :- According to a White House press release, the Kigali deal will reduce 80 percent of HFCs over the next 30 years. That’s the equivalent of preventing 80 billion metric tons of carbon dioxide from entering the atmosphere. In climate terms, phasing out HFCs could help in limiting the global temperature changes by 2 degrees Celsius (3.6 degrees Fahrenheit) by the end of the century—which is also the aim of the Paris Climate agreement.

What are the issues that are till existing and need Answers??

1) If we want to phase out HFCs we need alternative which is again cheap and same effective as them. From where will be get that.
2) How far will developed Nations help the Developing and LDC's in this run ?? Their Track record in the Paris Agreement has not been Promising.
3) Even if we limit HFCs there are still many Air Warmers which are used in tons of other industries for ex. in Car-Producing agencies , what about them??

So we have to wait for some time in order to get these answers??

Till then Keep Pondering !!

Thank You and Have a Nice Day Friends !!